知识

1. Identify and describe the following sailboat parts and their functions:

辨认并描述下列各项:

Hull 船体          deck前甲板    Bow and stern 船首和船尾

Transom 船艉板    Mast桅杆      Mast step 桅座

Boom 横杆         Gooseneck 横杆桅杆连接器    Shroud 侧支索    Tiller 舵柄    Rudder 船舵

Forestay 前支索    Centerboard 中插板    Daggerboard 稳向板

Spreader撑臂

2. Identify and describe the functions of the following sails, sail parts, and sail controls:

在帆船上辨认下列部件,并说明其功能

Mainsheet 主帆缭绳        jib sheet(s) 前帆缭绳        rudder 船舵

Tiller 舵柄                 traveler 走桥               tiller extension 舵柄延长杆

Halyard(s) 升帆索          outhaul主帆后拉索         Cunningham 下拉索

Boomvang 斜拉索          downhaul 下拉索          boom toping lift 横杆吊索

Jib fairlead 前帆导缆器      shackle 卸扣              bailers 泥浆泵

Cleats 羊角                telltails 气流线             stays and shrouds 支索

Hiking straps压舷脚带        fenders 防碰球             buoyancy tanks 浮力箱

Winches 绞盘              centerboard / daggerboard 中插板

Leeboard 下风板

3. Define the following terms:

解释下列术语的含义

Port 左舷              starboard 右舷       shipper and crew 船长船员

Helmsman 舵手        forward 前           aft 后

Tacking 迎风换舷       jibing 顺风换舷       running rigging 活动索具

Ahead 正前方          astern 正后方        standing rigging 固定索具

Windward 上风         leeward 下风         beam 船最宽处

Abeam 正横           heel 侧倾

4. Identify the following sails and parts of a sail:

识别下列船帆和船帆部件

Mainsail 主帆             leech 帆后缘           clew 帆后角

Jib 前帆                  head 帆顶角           batten 帆骨

Batten pockets 帆骨袋     foot 下帆边            bolt rope 帆边绳

Luff 帆前缘               tack 帆前角            jib hanks 前帆挂钩

5. Describe the following terms and points of sail and identify them from diagrams:

描述下列术和风向角,并在图表中标出。

Head to wind 顶风        in-irons 无法航行区          luffing 飘帆

Starboard tack 右舷受风   port tack 左舷受风      close hauled 近迎风

Close reach 远迎风       beam reach  正横风     broad reach 侧顺风

Running 尾风/正顺风      heading up 迎风偏转    heading down 顺风偏转

Windward boat 上风船     leeward boat 下风船     sailing by the lee 顺风换舷的临界状态

6. Apply the “Rules of the Road” (International and Inland “Navigation Rules” for prevention of collision) for:

在以下情形中应用航行规则:

Prot tack and starboard tack sailboat 左舷受风帆船和右舷受风帆船相遇

Overtaking situation 追越

Windward and leeward sailboat 上风帆船和下风帆船相遇

Powerboat and sailboat 机动船和帆船相遇

Combinations of the above 以上情况同一时间发生

7. Describe the danger and common location of overhead power lines as they relate to sailing and trailering.

架空电线一般安装在什么位置,对航行和拖船会造成什么危险。

8. Describe the danger of cold and hot weather (hypothermia and heat exhaustion) and why a sailor should always wear shoes and life preserver.

描述冷天和热天下航行(低体温症和中暑)会有什么危险,分析船员应该总是穿鞋和救生衣的原因。

9. Describe and react to local navigation hazards including tides and/or currents and how to avoid or reduce their effects.

描述当地水域有哪些危险,包括潮汐和/或海流;应该对此做出什么应对措施。

10. Use the personal international distress signal (raising and lowering both arms at the same time).

应用国际遇险信号(同时抬起或降低双臂)。


技能

11. Tread water for a minimum of 5 (five) minutes and swim a minimum of 100 yards without touching any objects.

踩水至少5分钟,并游泳至少100码,中途不得碰到任何物体。


Gear and equipment工具和器材

12. Select, put on and properly secure a personal flotation device on land and in the water.

陆上和海上演示选择、穿戴、系紧个人漂浮设备。

13. Select proper clothing for sailing.

选择合适的航海服装。

14. Properly rig, launch, and retrieve the specified boat (dry sail – hoist, beach rack – dolly, dock, or mooring).

为指定帆船装上索具,帆船下水,帆船靠岸等操作(干帆 – 升帆,海滩架 – 推车,码头或系泊点)

15. Safely get into and out of the specified boat at a dock in shallow water and in open water.

在浅水区域或开阔水域的码头,演示登船及下船动作。

16. Properly stow and secure all loose gear and rigging on the candidate’s boat.

在指定帆船上收好并合理存放工具和索具。

17. Without an instructor onboard and without direction, while acting as helmsman (and again as crew), sail away from a dock and mooring, sail and upwind and a downwind course and return to the dock and mooring in familiar waters, in light to moderate winds and sea conditions.

没有教练陪同,在合适的风力和海况下,在熟悉的水域独立驶离码头或系泊点,做迎风航行,顺风航行,分别担任舵手和船员的角色。

18. Clear halyards and sails, hoist the basic sails, set appropriate luff tension, check for stopper knots and secure halyard tails.

理顺起帆索和船帆,升起常用的帆,把船帆调整合适,检查止索结,系紧起帆索绳尾。

19. Leave a dock, mooring or beach completely prepared, in control in various wind directions.

做好充足准备,能在多种风向下,驶离码头、系泊点或海滩,并保持帆船时刻受到控制。

20. Select and use the correct approach on returning to the mooring, beach or dock while under control, at slow speed, and with various wind directions.

能采用正确的方法,在多种风向下,慢速驶回码头、系泊点或海滩,并保持帆船时刻受到控制。

21. Sail closer to the wind as helmsman (on command).

担任舵手的角色,按照船长的命令,贴近风向航行。

22. Quickly trim sails correctly as crew.

担任船员的角色,能迅速并准确地控帆。

23. Use proper commands: “ heading –up, sheet in”… “sheeting in”.

在上两题中能准确说出操作口令。

24. Steer away from wind as helmsman (on command).

担任舵手的角色,按照船长的命令,远离风向航行。

25. Ease and then trim sails correctly as crew.

担任船员的角色,放松缭绳并准确地调整船帆。

26. Use proper commands:”heading down, ease sheets” … “easing sheets”.

在上两题中能准确说出操作口令。

27. Quickly bring the specified boat to a close reach as helmsman (on command) and immediately ease the sheets (luff sails) to stop the boat as crew.

担任舵手的角色,能按照船长的命令迅速并准确地驶向远迎风航向,然后担任船员,迅速地调整船帆,让船停下来。

28. Place the specified boat “in irons” (head to wind and not moving) as helmsman (as well as crew) and then sail off in a predetermined direction using proper rudder control and backing of the sails.

担任舵手(船员)的角色,把帆船驶进“无法航行区”(船艏正对风向,船停止不动),然后操舵控帆,驶离顶风区,向指定的航向航行。

29. Select and maintain a given course without changing the point of sail as helmsman.

担任舵手的角色,选定航向航行,保持风向角不变。

30. Trim sails correctly as crew.

在船上担任船员,正确控帆。

31. Maintain proper for-and-aft boat trim as helmsman and crew.

担任舵手和船员,保持帆船for-and-aft boat trim.

32. Reduce excessive heel (as helmsman and crew) using:

担任舵手和船员,利用下列各项,减少帆船侧倾:

  • Weight distribution 重量分布

  • Rudder control 船舵控制

  • Sail trim 船帆调整

  • Combination of these methods 综合上述方法

33. Select as helmsman the new close hauled course prior to a tack and then hold the new course following the tack while controlling the main.

担任舵手,驾驶帆船迎风换舷,然后保持新的近迎风航向航行,同时控制主帆。

34. Release the jib sheet as crew and trim the new sheet at the proper time and control the main when asked.担任船员,放松前帆缭绳,到达新的近迎风航向上,适时调整新的上风侧前帆缭绳。如有命令,适时调整主帆。

35. Use proper commands:“ready about” - “ready”- “helms-a-lee” or “hard-a-lee” –“trim the course”.

上述两题的操作中,使用正确的口令。

36. Select as helmsman the new broad reach course prior to a jibe while controlling the main.

担任舵手,驾驶帆船侧顺风航向航行,然后顺风换舷,同时控制主帆。

37. Release the jib sheet as crew and trim the new sheet at the proper time and control the main when asked.

担任船员,放松前帆缭绳,到达新的近迎风航向上,适时调整新的下风侧前帆缭绳。如有命令,适时调整主帆。

38. Use proper commands:”ready to jibe” – “ready” – “jibe-ho” –“trim to course”.

上述两题的操作中,使用正确的口令。


Steering rules 航行规则

39. Correctly apply as helmsman the basic steering and sailing rules governing:

担任舵手,在下列情形中应用航行规则:

  • Port tack and starboard tack sailboats 左舷受风和右舷受风船相遇

  • Windward and leeward sailboat 上风船和下风船相遇

  • Overtaking situation 追越

  • Powerboats and sailboat 机动船和帆船相遇

  • Combination of the above 以上情况同一时间发生


Crew overboard 船员落水

40. Demonstrate as helmsman / skipper and describe the proper actions to be taken from the time a person falls overboard without warning until the crew member is safely recovered over the transom or over the side. Speed at this level, while important, is secondary to safety in performing this procedure. Capsize and Recovery.

担任舵手/船长,描述从船员意外落水到把他从船艉板或船侧面营救上船的过程中,应该采取的措施和操作,并实际演示。在此过程中,安全第一,速度第二。

41. Demonstrate safe capsize recovery (righting) techniques for a candidate’s capsized boat. The “scoop method” may be used if appropriate.

演示如何正确扶正一艘翻覆的帆船。

42. Steer a sailboat by the lee for 100 yards without jibing.

在顺风换舷的临界状态下驾驶帆船航行100码,但确保帆船不顺风换舷。

43. Steer a sailboat backwards for 20 yards with sails backed.

让船帆受逆风,倒退行驶20码。

44. Accept and secure a towline with sails up as well as with sails down.

船帆升起和降下两种情况下,把拖船的拖缆系到帆船上。

45. Pass on a towline while underway.

航行中递送拖缆。

46. Lower and secure jib while boat is nearly head to wind.

帆船顶风航行时,降下前帆并固定好。

47. Lower and furl (with assistance) main neatly.

在他人协助下,迅速地降下并卷起主帆。

48. Properly fold and bag (with assistance) all sails.

在他人协助下, 把所有的船帆都正确折叠并装入帆袋里。


Knots 绳结

49. Securely tie a sailboat to a dock and mooring.

使用合适的绳结,把帆船牢固地系到码头或系泊点。

50. Describe the function and tie the following knots without assistance:

说明下列绳结的功用,并独立打好绳结:

  • Bowline (20 second or less) 单套结(20秒内)

  • Figure eight (15 second or less)   8字结(15秒内)

  • Cleat hitch (15 second or less) 羊角结(15秒内)

  • Round turn and tow half hitches (20 second or less) 旋圆双半结(20秒内)


下一步是什么?


ASA 111,帆船复习(小帆船)
先修课程:基础龙骨帆船(ASA110)证书 有意向提升或重新熟悉之前在水上 ASA 认证课程中所学的航海知识和技能。 学生和教练在复习前共同决定目标,教练为学生提供一份书面的个人推荐计划和日志, 学生可在复习结束后继续提升知识和能力。这种复习可以多次进行。
ASA 166,基础小帆船竞赛
课程描述:能够在无监护的情况下参加小帆船初级竞赛。学生应该能够无困难地操纵小帆船 执行各种动作。学生要有效地调帆,同时遵守竞赛和非竞赛航行规则,行驶竞赛航线。学生 在良好地参加竞赛之前,先要良好的驾驶小帆船。因此,本课程大部分重点是水上时间和与 其它船竞赛。本课程优先讲解操船技能和介绍船速和战术。这是帆船竞赛水平金字塔的基础 级别。 强调运动员精神和团队合作。 本课程至少需要 36 小时,包括 6 小时的岸上训练。