Basic Sailing Terminology 帆船术语
1. Describe and identify the following sailboat parts and their functions:
识别并描述以下帆船部件及其功用：
Hull船体 | Rudder船舵 | Winch绞盘 |
Deck 甲板 | Standing Rigging 固定索具 | Cleat羊角 |
Transom船艉板 | Shroud侧支索 | Fender防碰球 |
Keel龙骨 | Spreader撑臂 | Docklines泊缆 |
Mast桅杆 | Chainplate支索基座 | Block滑轮 |
Boom横杆 | Headstay / Forestay前支索 | Fairlead导缆孔 |
Gooseneck 横杆桅杆连接器 | Backstay后支索 | Cockpit 驾驶舱 |
Bow船首 | Stanchion支柱 | Cabin船舱 |
Stern船尾 | Lifeline救生索 |
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Helm / Tiller /Wheel 操舵装置/舵柄/舵轮 | Pulpit护栏 |
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2. Identify and describe the functions of the following sails, sail parts and sail controls:
识别并描述以下各类帆及帆部件
Mainsail主帆 | Batten Pocket 帆骨袋 | Downhaul下拉索 |
Jib / Genoa 前帆/热亚那帆 | Bolt Rope帆边绳 | Cunningham主帆下拉索 |
Tack帆前角 | Running Rigging 活动索具 | Traveler滑轨 |
Head帆顶角 | Halyard 升帆索 | Hank挂钩 |
Clew帆后角 | Mainsheet主帆缭绳 | Luff帆前缘 |
Jibsheet前帆缭绳 | Telltale气流线 | Foot下帆边 |
Boom Vang 斜拉索 | Roller Furler 卷帆器 | Leech帆后缘 |
Outhaul主帆后拉索 | Shackle卸扣 | Batten帆骨 |
Boom Topping Lift 横杆吊索 |
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3. Define the following terms:
识别以下术语：
Port左舷 | Draft吃水深度 | Ahead正前 |
Starboard右舷 | Freeboard出水高度 | Astern正后 |
Forward前 | Skipper船长 | Abeam正横 |
Aft后 | Helmsman舵手 | Windward迎风 |
Beam位于船首和船尾中间的部分 | Crew船员 | Leeward下风 |
Heel侧倾 | Weather helm 上风舵 |
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Maneuvers & Points of Sail
操作术语和帆向角
4. Explain and identify using diagrams the following maneuvers, points of sail, and other terms:
利用图示解释下列各项操作、风向角等术语。
No-sail zone 无法航行区 closed hauled 近迎风 sailing-by-the-lee意外顺风换舷的临界状态
In irons顶风区 close reach 远迎风 stand-on直行
Luffing飘帆 beam reach正横风 give-way让路
Head-to-wind 顶风 broad reach 侧顺风 tacking 迎风换舷
Port tack 左舷受风 run 正顺风/尾风 jibing顺风换舷
Starboard tack 右舷受风
5. Explain and utilize correctly the following helm command and crew responses.
解释并正确使用以下的操舵口令及回应操作。
“heading up” 迎风偏转
“bearing away” 顺风偏转
“Ready about” – “ready” – “helms-a-lee” (or “coming about” or “tacking”) 迎风换舷
“Prepare the jibe” – “ ready” – “jibe-ho” (or Jibing”) 顺风换舷
Navigation rules 航行规则
6. Apply rule Apply Rule 5 (Look-out) from the publication Navigation Rules, International – Inland
应用第五条瞭望规则
For items 7 through 13, describe and use diagrams to apply the Navigation Rules. Identify the “stand-on” and “give-way” vessel in each situation.
第7-12题，解释航行规则，并画出示意图。运用航行规则识别下列情况中的让路船和直航船。
7. Sailing vessels with the wind on different sides (starboard / port), Rule 12(a)(i)
两船不同舷受风（左舷受风/右舷受风），第十二条1(1)
8. Sailing vessels with the wind on same side (leeward / windward), Rule 12(a)(ii)
两船同舷受风（上风船/下风船），第十二条1(2)
9. Sailing vessel on port tack cannot determine windward sailing vessel’s tack, Rule 12(a)(iii)
一船左舷受风，在其上风侧有另一艘船，但不能断定究竟该船哪舷受风，第十二条1(3)
10. Overtaking (Rule 13)
追越（第十三条）
11. Power-driven vessels approaching each other head-on (Rule 14)
两艘机动船对遇行驶（第十四条）
12. Power-driven vessel with another power-driven vessel on starboard side (Rule 15)
一艘机动船从另一艘机动船的右舷侧驶过（第十五条）
13. Describe appropriate actions to be taken when sailing in the vicinity of commercial traffic, including responding to a danger signal.
描述驶近商业运输船舶时应采取什么行动，怎样回应危险信号。
Aids to Navigation助航标志
14. Identify and state the purpose of lateral aids to navigation by color, shape & numbering, including preferred channel markers.
利用颜色、形状、编号（包括推荐航道标志）识别助航标志，并解释其作用。
15. Identify safe water, information and regulatory markers.
识别安全水域标志、信息标志、监管标志。
Safety gear & procedures安全设备和操作
16. List the federally required equipment for a recreational sailboat of 25-feet in length.
列举25英尺的休闲帆船应该配置哪些安全设备。
17. Identify the location and color of navigation lights used by a recreational vessel of 25-feet in length.
说明长度为25英尺的休闲船艇使用的航行灯的颜色和位置。
18. Describe the purpose of a Float Plan, give examples of information contained therein and to whom it should be submitted.
说明为什么制定漂流计划。举例说明漂流计划应该包含哪些信息，应把计划报告给谁？
19. Describe when and to whom boating accidents must be reported.
当发生必需要报告的船艇事故时，应该在什么时间向谁来报告。
20. State the Federal Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) limit for vessel operation.
了解船艇驾驶领域对饮酒的相关规定。
safety equipment 安全设备
21. Demonstrate the proper use of a lifejacket or personal flotation device (PFD).
示范如何正确使用救生衣（个人漂浮设备）。
Sailing 帆船实操
Rig/hoist/set sails safely and correctly to obtain proper sail trim using the following lines and controls, if available on the practice vessel.
正确使用帆船上的索具和缭绳，演示从装帆到控帆的一系列操作，使帆船达到最佳航行状态。
22. Halyards and /or furling devices 升帆索和/或卷帆装置
23. Downhaul or Cunningham 主帆下拉索
24. Outhaul 主帆后拉索
25. Boom vang 斜拉索
26. Mainsheet 主帆缭绳
27. Jibsheets 前帆缭绳
28. Winches 绞盘
29. Traveler 滑轨
30. Lower/furl/stow sail and coil/flake/stow lines properly 降低/卷起/存放船帆，摆绳/打绳捆/存放缭绳
Without coaching or assistance from the instructor, verbalize appropriate commands and demonstrate competence, safety and good seamanship in the role of Skipper / Helmsman during the maneuvers listed in items 31 – 42. Honor all aids to navigation and use properly the basic Navigation Rules. Ensure sails are trimmed correctly and the vessel is in control at all times.
在没有指导的情况下，说出第31-42题中的船长/舵手口令，并正确、安全操作，体现良好的船艺。
31. Depart dock or mooring fully ready to get underway safely
离开码头或系泊装置，准备好安全起航
32. Select and maintain a given tack and course
由教练指定帆船受风舷，并一直保持此舷受风，保持航向航行
33. Demonstrate how to get out of “irons”
演示怎样驶离顶风区
34. Head Up 迎风偏转
35. Bear Away 顺风偏转
36. Sail Close Hauled近迎风行驶
37. Sail on a Close Reach 远迎风行驶
38. Sail on a Beam Reach 正横风行驶
39. Sail on a Broad Reach 侧顺风行驶
40. Sail on a Run 正顺风/尾风行驶
41. Tack 迎风换舷
42. Jibe 顺风换舷
43. As crew, give appropriate verbal responses and perform correct actions during the maneuvers listed above. 担任船员，对第31-42题的操作口令做出正确应答，并做出相应的操作。
Crew overboard 船员落水
44. Describe and demonstrate the correct actions to be taken while under sail from the time a person falls overboard until safely recovered.
你船以帆动力行驶时，一名船员不慎落水，描述并演示从船员落水到安全救上船，你船的所有操作。
Return & secure 回港系泊
45. Return to dock or mooring
驶回码头或系泊点
46. Secure vessel, using appropriate mooring/dock lines, fenders, etc.
使用合适的系泊装置/泊缆，防碰球等设备系泊船舶
Knots 绳结
Describe the purpose of, and construct without assistance in a timely manner, each of the following knots and hitches.
描述下列绳结的功能，独立并迅速地打好各个绳结。
47. Figure-8 Knot 8字结
48. Square (Reef) Knot 平结
49. Clove Hitch 丁香结
50. Round turn and 2 Half hitches 旋圆双半结
51. Cleat Hitch 羊角结
52. Bowline 单套结
