KNOWLEDGE

Basic Sailing Terminology 帆船术语

1. Describe and identify the following sailboat parts and their functions:

识别并描述以下帆船部件及其功用:

Hull船体

Rudder船舵

Winch绞盘

Deck 甲板

Standing Rigging 固定索具

Cleat羊角

Transom船艉板

Shroud侧支索

Fender防碰球

Keel龙骨

Spreader撑臂

Docklines泊缆

Mast桅杆

Chainplate支索基座

Block滑轮

Boom横杆

Headstay / Forestay前支索

Fairlead导缆孔

Gooseneck 横杆桅杆连接器

Backstay后支索

Cockpit 驾驶舱

Bow船首

Stanchion支柱

Cabin船舱

Stern船尾

Lifeline救生索


Helm / Tiller /Wheel

操舵装置/舵柄/舵轮

Pulpit护栏


2. Identify and describe the functions of the following sails, sail parts and sail controls:

识别并描述以下各类帆及帆部件

Mainsail主帆

Batten Pocket 帆骨袋

Downhaul下拉索

Jib / Genoa 前帆/热亚那帆

Bolt Rope帆边绳

Cunningham主帆下拉索

Tack帆前角

Running Rigging 活动索具

Traveler滑轨

Head帆顶角

Halyard 升帆索

Hank挂钩

Clew帆后角

Mainsheet主帆缭绳

Luff帆前缘

Jibsheet前帆缭绳

Telltale气流线

Foot下帆边

Boom Vang 斜拉索

Roller Furler 卷帆器

Leech帆后缘

Outhaul主帆后拉索

Shackle卸扣

Batten帆骨

Boom Topping Lift 横杆吊索



3. Define the following terms:

识别以下术语:

Port左舷

Draft吃水深度

Ahead正前

Starboard右舷

Freeboard出水高度

Astern正后

Forward

Skipper船长

Abeam正横

Aft

Helmsman舵手

Windward迎风

Beam位于船首和船尾中间的部分

Crew船员

Leeward下风

Heel侧倾

Weather helm 上风舵



Maneuvers & Points of Sail

操作术语和帆向角

4. Explain and identify using diagrams the following maneuvers, points of sail, and other terms:

利用图示解释下列各项操作、风向角等术语。

No-sail zone 无法航行区   closed hauled 近迎风      sailing-by-the-lee意外顺风换舷的临界状态

In irons顶风区            close reach 远迎风        stand-on直行

Luffing飘帆               beam reach正横风        give-way让路

Head-to-wind 顶风         broad reach 侧顺风        tacking 迎风换舷

Port tack 左舷受风         run 正顺风/尾风           jibing顺风换舷

Starboard tack 右舷受风


5. Explain and utilize correctly the following helm command and crew responses.

解释并正确使用以下的操舵口令及回应操作。

heading up” 迎风偏转

bearing away” 顺风偏转

Ready about” – “ready” – “helms-a-lee” (or “coming about” or “tacking”) 迎风换舷

Prepare the jibe” – “ ready” – “jibe-ho” (or Jibing”) 顺风换舷


Navigation rules 航行规则

6. Apply rule Apply Rule 5 (Look-out) from the publication Navigation Rules, International – Inland

应用第五条瞭望规则

For items 7 through 13, describe and use diagrams to apply the Navigation Rules. Identify the “stand-on” and “give-way” vessel in each situation.

7-12题,解释航行规则,并画出示意图。运用航行规则识别下列情况中的让路船和直航船。

7. Sailing vessels with the wind on different sides (starboard / port), Rule 12(a)(i)

两船不同舷受风(左舷受风/右舷受风),第十二条1(1)

8. Sailing vessels with the wind on same side (leeward / windward), Rule 12(a)(ii)

两船同舷受风(上风船/下风船),第十二条1(2)

9. Sailing vessel on port tack cannot determine windward sailing vessel’s tack, Rule 12(a)(iii)

一船左舷受风,在其上风侧有另一艘船,但不能断定究竟该船哪舷受风,第十二条1(3)

10. Overtaking (Rule 13)

追越(第十三条)

11. Power-driven vessels approaching each other head-on (Rule 14)

两艘机动船对遇行驶(第十四条)

12. Power-driven vessel with another power-driven vessel on starboard side (Rule 15)

一艘机动船从另一艘机动船的右舷侧驶过(第十五条)

13. Describe appropriate actions to be taken when sailing in the vicinity of commercial traffic, including responding to a danger signal.

描述驶近商业运输船舶时应采取什么行动,怎样回应危险信号。


Aids to Navigation助航标志

14. Identify and state the purpose of lateral aids to navigation by color, shape & numbering, including preferred channel markers.

利用颜色、形状、编号(包括推荐航道标志)识别助航标志,并解释其作用。

15. Identify safe water, information and regulatory markers.

识别安全水域标志、信息标志、监管标志。


Safety gear & procedures安全设备和操作

16. List the federally required equipment for a recreational sailboat of 25-feet in length.

列举25英尺的休闲帆船应该配置哪些安全­设备。

17. Identify the location and color of navigation lights used by a recreational vessel of 25-feet in length.

说明长度为25英尺的休闲船艇使用的航行灯的颜色和位置。

18. Describe the purpose of a Float Plan, give examples of information contained therein and to whom it should be submitted.

说明为什么制定漂流计划。举例说明漂流计划应该包含哪些信息,应把计划报告给谁?

19. Describe when and to whom boating accidents must be reported.

当发生必需要报告的船艇事故时,应该在什么时间向谁来报告。

20. State the Federal Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) limit for vessel operation.

了解船艇驾驶领域对饮酒的相关规定。


SKILLS

safety equipment 安全设备

21. Demonstrate the proper use of a lifejacket or personal flotation device (PFD).

示范如何正确使用救生衣(个人漂浮设备)。


Sailing 帆船实操

Rig/hoist/set sails safely and correctly to obtain proper sail trim using the following lines and controls, if available on the practice vessel.

正确使用帆船上的索具和缭绳,演示从装帆到控帆的一系列操作,使帆船达到最佳航行状态。

22. Halyards and /or furling devices 升帆索和/或卷帆装置

23. Downhaul or Cunningham 主帆下拉索

24. Outhaul 主帆后拉索

25. Boom vang 斜拉索

26. Mainsheet 主帆缭绳

27. Jibsheets 前帆缭绳

28. Winches 绞盘

29. Traveler 滑轨

30. Lower/furl/stow sail and coil/flake/stow lines properly  降低/卷起/存放船帆,摆绳/打绳捆/存放缭绳


Without coaching or assistance from the instructor, verbalize appropriate commands and demonstrate competence, safety and good seamanship in the role of Skipper / Helmsman during the maneuvers listed in items 31 – 42.  Honor all aids to navigation and use properly the basic Navigation Rules.  Ensure sails are trimmed correctly and the vessel is in control at all times.

在没有指导的情况下,说出第31-42题中的船长/舵手口令,并正确、安全操作,体现良好的船艺。

31. Depart dock or mooring fully ready to get underway safely

离开码头或系泊装置,准备好安全起航

32. Select and maintain a given tack and course

由教练指定帆船受风舷,并一直保持此舷受风,保持航向航行

33. Demonstrate how to get out of “irons”

演示怎样驶离顶风区

34. Head Up 迎风偏转

35. Bear Away 顺风偏转

36. Sail Close Hauled近迎风行驶

37. Sail on a Close Reach 远迎风行驶

38. Sail on a Beam Reach 正横风行驶

39. Sail on a Broad Reach 侧顺风行驶

40. Sail on a Run 正顺风/尾风行驶

41. Tack 迎风换舷

42. Jibe 顺风换舷

43. As crew, give appropriate verbal responses and perform correct actions during the maneuvers listed above. 担任船员,对第31-42题的操作口令做出正确应答,并做出相应的操作。


Crew overboard 船员落水

44. Describe and demonstrate the correct actions to be taken while under sail from the time a person falls overboard until safely recovered.

你船以帆动力行驶时,一名船员不慎落水,描述并演示从船员落水到安全救上船,你船的所有操作。




Return & secure 回港系泊

45. Return to dock or mooring

驶回码头或系泊点

46. Secure vessel, using appropriate mooring/dock lines, fenders, etc.

使用合适的系泊装置/泊缆,防碰球等设备系泊船舶


Knots 绳结

Describe the purpose of, and construct without assistance in a timely manner, each of the following knots and hitches.

描述下列绳结的功能,独立并迅速地打好各个绳结。

47. Figure-8 Knot  8字结

48. Square (Reef) Knot 平结

49. Clove Hitch 丁香结

50. Round turn and 2 Half hitches 旋圆双半结

51. Cleat Hitch 羊角结

52. Bowline 单套结


What's Next?


ASA 102,高级调帆
本课程适用于所有水手,可以多次学习(多次认证)。本课程是为帮助优化提高水手的调帆技能,使帆发挥出最佳性能。课程同时适用于竞赛水手和巡航水手。重点讲解帆的操作和使用船上所有控制点来控制帆。尽管课程主要为龙骨船设计,但是也适用于小帆船。课程预期为1天的室内教学(8小时)和2天的水上教学(16小时)。小帆船课程应该是4小时的室内教学和8小时的水上教学。水上部分是为了认识控帆的实际效果。
ASA 103,基础沿岸巡航
能在日间驾驶长度为25-35英尺的有辅助动力(船内引擎或船外引擎)的单桅龙骨帆船,在适宜的风力和海况下自由航行。掌握巡航帆船术语、基本船载系统、辅助动力操作、沿岸导航、锚泊、气象、安全和船艺。
ASA 111,帆船复习(龙骨帆船)
先修课程:基础龙骨帆船(ASA101)证书 有意向提升或重新熟悉之前在水上 ASA 认证课程中所学的航海知识和技能。 学生和教练在复习前共同决定目标,教练为学生提供一份书面的个人推荐计划和日志, 学生可在复习结束后继续提升知识和能力。这种复习可以多次进行。